16.6:
Goodness of Fit table
|
|
O |
E |
|
Yellow |
6022 |
(3/4)(8023)=6017.25 |
|
Green |
2001 |
(1/4)(8023)=2005.75 |
|
TOTAL |
8023 |
8023 |
ChiSqStatistic = Sum(O-E)^2/E = .0150, df = c-1 = 1
.90 < P-Value < .95
H0: Yellow/Green follow a ratio of 3 to 1
HA: They don’t
Alpha = .01
ChiSqStatistic = .015
.90 < P-Value < .95 (from Table 6)
Conclusion: The data follows Mendel’s model
16.10:
H0: Gender of second child is independent of gender of first child
HA: Gender of second child is related to gender of first child
Alpha = not stated (let’s assume 5%)
Goodness of Fit table
|
|
O |
E |
O-E |
|
FF |
15109 |
15162 |
-53 |
|
FM |
14906 |
15162 |
-256 |
|
MF |
14886 |
15162 |
-276 |
|
MM |
15747 |
15162 |
585 |
|
TOTAL |
60648 |
60648 |
0 |
ChiSqStatistic = (-53)^2/15162 + (-256)^2/15162 + (-276)^2/15162 + (585)^2/15162 = 486746/15162 = 32.103, df = c – 1 = 3
P-Value < .001 (From Table 6)
Conclusion: There is overwhelming evidence that the sex of a second child is not independent of the sex of the first child